全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3941篇 |
免费 | 135篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 492篇 |
工业经济 | 275篇 |
计划管理 | 659篇 |
经济学 | 1014篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
运输经济 | 47篇 |
旅游经济 | 44篇 |
贸易经济 | 769篇 |
农业经济 | 112篇 |
经济概况 | 633篇 |
邮电经济 | 11篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 108篇 |
2019年 | 151篇 |
2018年 | 183篇 |
2017年 | 185篇 |
2016年 | 207篇 |
2015年 | 92篇 |
2014年 | 147篇 |
2013年 | 384篇 |
2012年 | 223篇 |
2011年 | 221篇 |
2010年 | 138篇 |
2009年 | 168篇 |
2008年 | 146篇 |
2007年 | 110篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 152篇 |
2004年 | 131篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 11篇 |
1965年 | 9篇 |
1946年 | 8篇 |
1942年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4077条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
61.
Decomposing Redistributive Effects of Taxes and Transfers in Australia: Annual and Lifetime Measures
This paper decomposes the redistributive effect on annual and lifetime inquality of a range of taxes and transfers in Australia, using a dynamic cohort lifetime simulation model. The redistributive effect is decomposed into vertical, horizontal and reranking effects. Horizontal inequities in the tax and transfer system are found to be negligible. The extent of reranking is greater in the lifetime than in the annual context and is affected by the equivalence scales used to adjust household incomes. If no adjustment is made to household incomes, reranking is about nine per cent of the reduction in lifetime inequality. However, if each child is counted as equivalent to one-third of an adult, reranking is found to be less than one per cent. 相似文献
62.
63.
We investigate the interplay between environmental policy, incentives to adoptnew technology, and repercussions on R&D. We study a model where a monopolistic upstream firm engages in R&D and sells advanced
abatement technology to polluting downstream firms. We consider four different timing and commitment regimes of environmental
tax and permit policies: ex post taxation (or issuing permits), interim commitment to a tax rate (a quota of permits) after
observing R&D success but before adoption, and finally two types of ex antecommitment before R&D activity, one with a unique tax rate (quota of permits), the other one with a menu of tax rates (permit
quotas). We study the second best tax and permit policies and rank these with respect to welfare. In particular, we find that
commitment to a menu of tax rate dominates all other policy regimes. 相似文献
64.
Marco Dardi 《International Review of Economics》2006,53(4):476-490
Pareto initiated the shift of economic theory from utility/preference to choice in order to fill a gap between theoretical
and empirical economics. His suggestions for an empirically-oriented theory of choice were to be developed decades later in
the literature on revealed preference and on the conditions of equivalence between preference-based and choice-based axiomatic
structures. In the process, however, substantial departures from Pareto’s implicit design of the situation of choice were
introduced. In this paper, the conditions for the rationalizability of choice are re-defined so that they fit the type of
situation that Pareto had in mind. The result is that the main consistency axioms of standard choice theory have to give way
to a different combination of axioms that concern decisiveness as well as consistency. (JEL:B13, D01, D11). 相似文献
65.
The ‘wage space’, which is defined as the sum of price inflation and labour productivity growth, has played a major role as an indicator of allowable wage increases in the post-war wage negotiations in the Netherlands. This paper shows that: (a) wages and the wage space are co-integrated; (b) the deviation between wages and the wage space may act as an error correction term in the wage equation when both variables are identified as I(2); and (c) political consensus and the threat of labour conflicts (rather than actual strike activity) may be identified as the ‘mechanism’ behind this error correction in the wage equation. 相似文献
66.
It is generally acknowledged that the growth rate of output, the seasonal pattern, and the business cycle are best estimated
simultaneously. To achieve this, we develop an unobserved component time series model for seasonally unadjusted US GDP. Our
model incorporates a Markov switching regime to produce periods of expansion and recession, both of which are characterized
by different underlying growth rates. Although both growth rates are time-varying, they are assumed to be cointegrated. The
analysis is Bayesian, which fully accounts for all sources of uncertainty. Comparison with results from a similar model for
seasonally adjusted data indicates that the seasonal adjustment of the data significantly alters several aspects of the full
model.
First Version Received: January 2001/Final Version Received: February 2002
Send offprint requests to: Rob Luginbuhl?Correspondence to: Rob Luginbuhl 相似文献
67.
Summary. In this paper, we develop an endogenous growth model with market regulations on explicitly modeled financial intermediaries
to examine the effects of alternative government financing schemes on growth, inflation, and welfare. In the presence of binding
regulation, there is always a unique equilibrium. We perform four alternative policy experiments; a change in the seigniorage
tax rate, a change in the seigniorage tax base, a change in the income tax and a change in the fiscal-monetary policy mix.
We find that in the presence of binding legal reserve requirements, a marginal increase in government spending need not result
in a reduction in the rate of economic growth if it is financed with an increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Raising the
seigniorage tax base by means of an increase in the reserve requirement retards growth and it has an ambiguous effect on inflation.
An increase in income tax financed government spending also suppresses growth and raises inflation although not to the extent
that the required seigniorage tax rate alternative would. Switching from seigniorage to income taxation as a source of government
finance is growth reducing but deflationary. From a welfare perspective, the least distortionary way of financing an increase
in the government spending requirements is by means of a marginal increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Under the specification
of logarithmic preferences, the optimal tax structure is indeterminate.
Received: March 20, 2000; revised version: June 26, 2001 相似文献
68.
A seemingly mild assumption of the standard alternating offers bargaining model under risk is that the breakdown event is not strictly worse than the worst agreement. When this assumption is relaxed the structure of the equilibrium set of agreements changes in an interesting way. We analyse the effect of disagreement on equilibrium, and relate our result to a class of outside option models. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C78. 相似文献
69.
The living company 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
de Geus A 《Harvard business review》1997,75(2):51-59
What can explain the longevity gap between a company that survives for centuries--the Swedish company Stora, for example, which is more than 700 years old--and the average corporation, which does not last 20 years? A team at Royal Dutch/Shell Group explored that question. Arie de Geus, a retired Shell executive, writes about the team's findings and describes what he calls living companies-organizations that have beaten the high mortality rate of the average corporation. Many companies die young, de Geus argues, because their policies and practices are based too heavily on the thinking and language of economics. Their managers focus on producing goods and services and forget that the organization is a community of human beings that is in business--any business--to stay alive. In contrast, managers of living companies consider themselves to be stewards of a long-standing enterprise. Their priorities reflect their commitment to the organization's long-term survival in an unpredictable world. Like careful gardeners, they encourage growth and renewal without endangering the plant they are tending. They value profits the same way most people value oxygen: as necessary for life but not the purpose of it. They scuttle assets when necessary to make a dramatic change in the business portfolio. And they constantly search for new ideas. These managers also focus on developing people. They create opportunities for employees to learn from one another. Such organizations are suited for survival in a world in which success depends on the ability to learn, to adapt, and to evolve. 相似文献
70.
Measuring financial risks with copulas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Beatriz Vaz de Melo Mendes Rafael Martins de Souza 《International Review of Financial Analysis》2004,13(1):27-45
This paper is concerned with the statistical modeling of the dependence structure of multivariate financial data using the concept of copulas. We select some special copulas and identify the type of dependency captured by each one. We fit copulas to daily returns and simulate from the fitted models. We compare the effect of the choice of copula on risk measures and assess the variability of one-step-ahead predictions of portfolio losses. We analyze extreme scenarios and fit extreme value copulas to the block maxima and minima from daily returns. The stress scenarios constructed are compared to those obtained using models from the extreme value theory. We illustrate the usefulness of the copula approach using two stock market indexes. 相似文献